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8. Paul Aron
– 2023: 24th
– 2024: 3rd
Let’s move on to the most recent case, that of Paul Aron. The Estonian, who had just graduated from Formula 3 in 2023 (3rd), made his Formula 2 debut that same year with Trident during the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, the only race he competed in that season. A 16th and an 18th place finish earned him 24th in the standings before starting his only full year in the category.
Now at Hitech, the former Mercedes junior (2019-23) managed to fight for the title against Gabriel Bortoleto and Isack Hadjar. However, the Invicta and Campos drivers prevailed, winning the championship and vice-championship, respectively. It would not be the only achievement he would lose to them, as Aron had to settle for the position of reserve driver at Alpine F1 for 2025, with Jack Doohan already signed as a starter for this year.
Following the early sacking of Esteban Ocon before the 2024 Formula 1 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, the Australian made his debut earlier than expected, with Aron not being considered for a starting position (not even temporarily) with the French team. Likewise, the star signing of Franco Colapinto, already a rookie in F1 with Williams, would relegate him to the background, as the Pilar-born driver is the team’s first reserve.
However, after a Doohan-Colapinto switch of roles, it seems that the Estonian could be next in line for the ever-changing Alpine, as long as the young driver of Italian Ukrainian descent continues to be inconsistent.
7. Luca Ghiotto
– 2017: 4th
– 2018: 8th
– 2019: 3rd
– 2020: 10th
– 2022: 25th
A year after his GP2 debut with Trident, Luca Ghiotto signed with Russian Time for the inaugural Formula 2 season, where he finished 4th. After a 2018 season in which he achieved an 8th place with Campos, the Italian’s peak in the category came at the age of 24: in 2019. That year, while driving for UNI-Virtuosi, he completed the category’s podium behind future graduates Nyck de Vries and Nicholas Latifi.
The Arzignano-born driver finished 10th after his switch to Hitech for 2020, his last full season in the second division. However, he later competed with DAMS in the 2022 F2 Italian Grand Prix following Roy Nissany’s race ban.
He never met the standard to be considered for a Formula 1 seat, with a single test with Williams in 2017 being the closest he ever was to the category. After this, he competed in IMSA, IndyCar, and the World Endurance Championship. He currently drives in LMP2 for the Inter Europol team in the European Le Mans Series.
6. Callum Ilott
– 2017: 26th
– 2019: 11th
– 2020: Vice-champion
Callum Ilott, a member of the Red Bull junior team during the 2015 European Formula 3 season, joined the Ferrari academy in 2017 after a weekend in Formula 2 with Trident (26th overall). After a third-place finish in the last season of the GP3 Series, the Brit enjoyed his first full year in the silver division in 2019.
That season, in which he competed for the Sauber Junior Team by Charouz, he finished 11th and participated in a test for the Alfa Romeo F1 team. He also tested with the Swiss team in 2020, a year in which he fought for a Formula 2 title which Mick Schumacher claimed, and who would also snatch a seat at Haas from him, along with Nikita Mazepin.
Ilott, who was the third-place finisher in the 2020 F2 series, was also a test driver for the Americans that year, before eventually driving in FP1 in 2021 as Alfa Romeo’s reserve driver. The then-Vasseur-led team also included Ilott as a reserve driver in 2022, in addition to serving as a Ferrari test driver in 2021.
After being excluded from Formula 1 by both Haas and Alfa Romeo, the latter opting to retain Kimi Raikkonen and Antonio Giovinazzi for 2021 and to sign Valtteri Bottas and Guanyu Zhou for 2022, the Cambridge-born racer ended his ties with the premier class in 2023. Since then, he has participated in every IndyCar season, including the current one, and has competed in the World Endurance Championship. Despite some sporadic point-finishes in the former competition, he is perhaps best known for ending Álex Palou’s Indy 500 hopes in 2022 with a clumsy move that resulted in a crash.
5. Frederik Vesti
– 2022: 9th
– 2023: Vice-champion
Frederik Vesti is, most likely, the driver on this list who is closest starting his Formula 1 career, having publicly stated that he is in talks with Cadillac and serving as Mercedes’ reserve driver behind George Russell and Kimi Antonelli.
He joined the German team’s academy in 2021, finishing fourth for the second consecutive season in Formula 3. After that, he joined ART for his debut year in Formula 2, achieving ninth place in the championship.
In 2023, the Dane became a test driver for Mercedes and fought for the championship with Prema. He ultimately lost the title, finishing second to ART’s Théo Pourchaire. During that season and 2024, he participated in FP1 with Toto Wolff’s team and remains a reserve driver, a position he held last year.
The Vejle-born driver balances this with other categories, having participated in the World Endurance Championship and currently races for the Cadillac Whelen IMSA team.
4. Artem Markelov
– 2017: Vice-champion
– 2018: 5th
– 2019: 16th
– 2020: 18th
As a veteran of the GP2 Series, having competed in the 2014, 2015, and 2016 seasons, the Moscow-born racer burst onto the scene in its sequel, Formula 2, continuing his partnership with Russian Time. Markelov would finish runner-up, a long way behind the F1-bound Charles Leclerc. Despite not having much of a chance in the title race, his performances and sponsorships earned him some sort of involvement in the premier class starting the following year.
As a Renault development driver, he participated in the 2018 young driver tests, in addition to driving in the FP1 session at that year’s Russian Grand Prix. While he remained with F2’s Russian Time, rumours of a starting spot alongside his compatriot Sirotkin at Williams gathered pace. However, the Grove-based team opted for the signings of George Russell and Robert Kubica for 2019.
After this, Markelov’s sporting decline began, having just finished 5th in the 2018 F2. The 2019 season, where he only managed to drive six races with stints at MP Motorsport and Arden, ended with a disappointing 16th place. His final year in motorsport, 2020, was even worse: 18th while driving for HWA Racelab. Since then, the eight-time F2 race winner has had no motorsport activity and is reportedly retired since then.
3. Robert Shwartzman
– 2020: 4th
– 2021: Runner-up
Robert Shwartzman is perhaps the driver on this list who has come closest to achieving his big dream the most times. After signing with Ferrari’s academy in 2017, the young Russian established himself as one for the future when he dominated the 2019 Formula 3 championship.
He moved up to Formula 2 the following year with Prema, fighting for the title during parts of the season but losing out to Mick Schumacher, Callum Ilott, and Yuki Tsunoda in the championship. Following Romain Grosjean’s injury at the 2020 Bahrain Grand Prix that forced his early retirement from Formula 1, the Ferrari-powered Haas team opted to give Pietro Fittipaldi his debut.
He also lost the American team’s 2021 seat to not only the German but also his compatriot Mazepin. He didn’t stay idle, however, and continued with Prema in the second-tier category that year, finishing second but losing the title to his teammate, the unstoppable Oscar Piastri.
Shwartzman would also be rejected by Haas, which, after sacking Mazepin, eventually brought back Kevin Magnussen for 2022. That year, he competed, now under the Israeli flag, in numerous tests for Ferrari, including in FP1 at Grand Prix events.
Despite being promoted to reserve driver and continuing with his extensive testing plan during 2023 and 2024, the Scuderia entrusted Oliver Bearman to replace appendicitis-affected Carlos Sainz at the 2024 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix. The Brit himself also signed for Haas for 2025 (participating in two races in 2024), leaving the Tel Aviv-born driver with no hope of reaching the premier class.
After a 2024 season in which he also competed in FP1 at the Mexican Grand Prix with Stake, Robert Shwartzman left Ferrari after a seven-year partnership to join IndyCar’s newest addition, Prema, his former F2 and F3 team. And, despite not having the best of seasons so far (24th), he did start from pole position of the greatest race in the Series: the Indy 500.
2. Felipe Drugovich
– 2020: 9th
– 2021: 8th
– 2022: Champion
These are the top guns: the champions. Felipe Drugovich competed in Formula 3 in 2019 with Carlin, failing to score a single podium and finishing 16th overall despite entering every race.
However, the Brazilian, who also holds Italian nationality, made his Formula 2 debut with MP Motosport in 2020, his first year being somewhat lacking in notoriety (9th). In his second season, racing with UNI-Virtuosi, the youngster achieved slightly better results, finishing 8th in the final standings.
In his third season, he returned to the Dutch team, and ensued to dominating the championship and leaving ART’s Théo Pourchaire, previously the favourite to take the title, with no possibilities. After his mathematical victory, the driver of Croatian and Austrian descent signed for Aston Martin as a reserve driver.
He has been with the British team since 2022, having participated in a large number of tests throughout these seasons, including several FP1 sessions at official Grands Prix (starting with his first full year with Aston Martin) and the pre-season testing of the ever-so-successful 2023. During that year, he was also a reserve driver for McLaren, although he never got in the car for Zak Brown’s team.
However, despite being the first option to get driving should Fernando Alonso or Lance Stroll suffer any problems, it is doubtful that the Paraná-born driver will be able to make it to Formula 1 as a starter, as both the Spaniard and the Canadian, son of owner Lawrence Stroll, are indispensable members of the team. Whether that be due to talent or other matters, especially for the latter driver, is up for debate.
Although he maintains his association with the premier class thanks to Aston Martin and there have been rumours of a possible move to Cadillac, it seems that the future of the 2018 Euroformula Open champion lies elsewhere. Drugovich, who has already competed in competitions such as the World Endurance Championship and the ELMS since his time in F2, has already dipped his gloves into Formula E, at least for this year’s Berlin round (17th and 7th).
1. Théo Pourchaire
– 2020: 26th
– 2021: 5th
– 2022: Vice-champion
– 2023: Champion
We conclude this list with the Brazilian’s greatest rival: Théo Pourchaire. The Frenchman, then only fifteen years old, signed for the Alfa Romeo F1 Team’s Sauber Academy in 2019. The following year, after Piastri snatched the title last minute in Formula 3, he went from rookie in the bronze category to rookie in the silver category. The Grasse-born driver competed in the final two weekends of the category, scoring no points and finishing 26th with HWA Racelab.
In 2021, he signed for ART, a team he would remain with for the remainder of his Formula 2 career. With the French team, he had a promising first full season, finishing 5th in the championship and being the clear favourite for 2022 after two victories in the category.
However, he also failed to win the championship that year, finishing a distant runner-up to veteran Felipe Drugovich. In his third full year and fourth overall, the ART driver finally secured the title, defeating Vesti.
However, the stock he had accumulated during his teenage years had already dissipated, and he completed a year as a reserve driver for the renamed Stake F1 team in 2024. Pourchaire, who had a real chance of fulfilling his dream with the Swiss team for 2025 but was ultimately passed over in favour of Nico Hülkenberg and Gabriel Bortoleto, ended up leaving the team’s Sauber Academy at the end of the year.
He was a test driver for the team from 2021 and a reserve driver from 2023, with the ADAC Formula 4 champion being an option from 2022 to 2025 for seats that were ultimately filled by Hülkenberg and Bortoleto, as well as Guanyu Zhou and Valtteri Bottas.
The Frenchman had to settle for several FP1s in official Grands Prix during those years (except for his last one in Stake) before embarking on his current adventure in endurance racing. After brief stints in IndyCar and Japanese Super Formula in 2024, he made his World Endurance Championship debut at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.